The Hydrolysis of Emulsified Ethyl Orthosilicate

Dynamics of Growth of Silica Particles from Ammonia-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Tetra-ethyl-orthosilicate

The NH3-catalyzed formation of colloidal silica particles from tetra-ethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) in methanol and ethanol is studied by means of light scattering and Raman spectroscopy. We find that the growth is characterized by an incubation period after which no significant nucleation takes place. The particles have uniform, non-fractal structure and show low polydispersity. In the presence of...

A Comparative Study of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate Using Design of Experiments

Alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate is essentially an irreversible and second order reaction. Industrial importance of the reaction product, sodium acetate, necessitate for process improvement in terms of maximum conversion and economical usage of raw materials. Statistical design of experiments was utilized to enhance conversion in both batch and plug flow reactors.A full two level factor...

Sorption and catalytic hydrolysis of diethatyl-ethyl on homoionic clays.

Sorption and catalytic hydrolysis of the herbicide diethatyl-ethyl [N-chloroacetyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine ethyl ester] on homoionic Na(+)-, K(+)-, Ca(2+)-, and Mg(2+)-montmorillonite clays were studied in aqueous media. The Freundlich sorption coefficient, K(f), measured from isotherms on clay followed the order of Na(+) approximately K(+) > Mg(2+) approximately Ca (2+). Analysis of FT-IR...

Tetra­yttrium difluoride disilicate orthosilicate, Y4F2[Si2O7][SiO4]

In the crystal structure of Y4F2[Si2O7][SiO4], three fundamental building blocks are present, viz. anionic disilicate and orthosilicate units ([Si2O7](6-) and [SiO4](4-)) and cationic [F2Y4](10+) entities. The latter are built up by two [FY3](8+) triangles sharing a common edge. The four crystallographically independent Y(3+) cations display coordination numbers of eight for one and of seven fo...

Comparative Crystal Chemistry of Orthosilicate Minerals